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Review of hard winter wheat quality: 1989-1999 crops. O. K. CHUNG (1), J. B. Ohm (1), M. S. Caley
(1), B. W. Seabourn (1), and P. J. McClauskey (2). (1) USDA-ARS Grain Marketing and Production
Research Center, Manhattan, KS 66502; (2) Kansas State University, Department of Grain Science and
Industry, Manhattan, KS 66506.
We have reviewed quality parameters of hard winter wheats from 1989
to1999 crop years using US Wheat Crop Reports by the U.S. Wheat Associates (USWA) and Wheat
Quality Council (WQC) Crop Reports. The USWA reports were based on commercial wheats, whereas the
WQC reports were based on new wheat lines either just released or near release. Hard red winter wheats
showed increases in exports from 10.5 in 1989 to 14.3 million metric tons in 1999. Wheat protein content
(PC) decreased from 13.4% in 1989 to 11.4% in 1999. Thousand kernel weight increased (26.5 g to 29.3 g),
accompanied with increases in flour milling yield (70.9 to 72.5%). In spite of decreased PC, bread loaf
volume (LV) was maintained (794 cc in 1989 to 809 cc in 1999). The LV per flour PC increased from 65.6
to 79.3 cc per unit % protein, indicating an improvement in protein quality during the last decade. The
WQC samples showed increases in TKW and flour yield since 1995. The WQC samples also showed
decreased PC but maintained LV with increased crumb characteristics and overall baking quality. Thus,
protein quality, expressed as LV/PC and WA/PC, has increased due to efficient breeding efforts during the
last decade.
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