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Table of Contents
Barley: Taxonomy, Origin, Distribution, Production, Genetics, and
Breeding. R.A. NILAN and S. E. ULLRICH
Introduction
Taxonomy, History, Origin, and Evolution
- Taxonomy; History; Origin and Evolution
Adaptation, Distribution, and Production
- Adaption; Distribution; Production
Cytology, Genetics, Cytogenetics
- Cytology; Genetics; Cytogenetics
Breeding
- Male-Sterile-Facilitated Recurrent Selection; Doubled-Haploid
Breeding; Mutation; Breeding; Hybrid Barley; Future Directions
Formation of the Barley Grain-Morphology, Physiology, and
Biochemistry. C.M. DUFFUS and M. P. COCHRANE
Introduction
Embryo Development
Carbohydrate Metabolism in the Developing Embryo
Role of Nucellar Tissue in Grain Development
Development of the Testa or Seed Coat
Pericarp Development
Pericarp Photosynthesis
The Husk
Endosperm Development
- Starchy Endosperm; Aleurone
Nutrient Supply to the Developing Caryopsis
Grain Catabolic Processes
Overall Changes in Chemical Composition of Grains During Development
and Maturation
- Sugars and Amino Acids; Starch, Protein, and Lipid; Mineral
Elements; Composition of the Mature Grain
Environmental Effects on Grain Growth and Development
Conclusions
Carbohydrates of the Barley Grain. A. W. MacGREGOR and G. B.
FINCHER
Introduction
Barley Starch
- Amylose; Amylopectin; Starch Granules; Granule Size
Distribution; Starch-Iodine; Interactions; Amylose Content of
Barley Starch; Susceptibility of Starch Granules to Enzymatic
Hydrolysis; Resistant Starch; Starch Gelatinization and Pasting
Cell Wall Polysaccharides
- (1-3), (1-4)-ß-Glucans; Arabinoxylans; Cellulose;
Glucomannans; (1-3)-ß-Glucans
Other Carbohydrates
Barley Seed Proteins. P. R. SHEWRY
Introduction
Classification of Barley Seed Proteins
Nonstorage Proteins
- Albumins and Globulins; Glutelins and Residual Proteins;
Amylase and Protein Z; Hordothionins; Endochitinases (Proteins C
and T); Protein Syntheses Inhibitors (Protein D); Protease
Inhibitors and Related Proteins; Aleurone-Specific Proteins;
Miscellaneous Proteins of Known Function; Miscellaneous Proteins
of Unknown Function
Storage Proteins
- lobulin Storage Proteins; Prolamin Storage Proteins (Hordein)
Seed Protein Polymorphism in Varietal Identification
Fingerprinting
Summary
Barley Lipids. W. R. MORRISON
Introduction
Methods of Analysis
Lipids in the Whole Grain
Distribution of Lipids in the Caryopsis
- Nonstarch Lipids; Starch Lipids
Composition of Lipids
- Fatty Acids in Nonstarch Lipids; Tocopherols; Fatty Acids in
Starch Lipids
Enzymes Acting on Lipids
- Lipase ; Polar Lipid Acyl Hydrolase, Phospholipases-A and -B,
and Lysophospholipase; Phospholipase-D; Lipoxygenase
Lipids in Developing Grain Changes in Lipids in Stored Grain Changes
in Lipids in Germinating Barley Technological Aspects of Lipids
- Interactions with Starch; Lipids in Brewing
Summary
Physiology and Biochemistry of Germination in Barley. G. B.
FINCHER and B. A. STONE
Introduction
Hormone Action
- Gibberellic Acid; Abscisic Acid
Aleurone Function During Germination
- Morphological Changes; Biochemical Changes; Secretion of
Enzymes; Role of Ca(2+)
Scutellar Function During Germination
- Morphological Changes; Biochemical Changes
Mobilization of Reserves in Starchy Endosperm
- Cell Walls; Starch; Reserve Proteins; Nucleic Acids
Structure and Regulation of Genes Encoding Hydrolytic Enzymes,
- Gene Structure; Regulation of Gene Expression at the
Transcriptional Level
Protection of the Grain Against Microbial and Insect Attack
- Enzymes; Enzyme Inhibitors; Thionins
Potential of Genetic Engineering
- Malt Extract; Diastase Activity
Malting Technology and Uses of Mal. C. W. BAMFORTH and A. H. P.
BARCLAY
Introduction
Biochemistry and Chemistry of Malting
- Steeping; Germination; Biochemistry of Modification; Kilning
Properties of Barley and Regard to its Maltability
- Viability; Dormancy; Water Sensitivity
Evaluation and Selection of Barley for Malting
- Selection for Malting Quality in Breeding; Selection of Barley
for Production Malting
Malting Technology
- Barley Drying; Types of Storage; Steeping; Germination;
Kilning
Uses for Malt
- Brewing; Distilling; Vinegar; Other Food Uses
Nonmalting Uses of Barley. R. S. BHATTY
Introduction
Food Uses of Barley
Historical
Barley Food Products
- Pearled Barley; Barley Milling; Barley Flour; Barley Bran
Malted and Germinated Barley Food Products
Industrial (Nonmalting)Utilization of Barley
Hypocholesterolemic Effects
- Soluble Fiber; animal and Human Feeding Experiments;
Mechanisms
Feed Uses of Barley
Physical Factors
Chemical Factors
- Protein; Lysine; Carbohydrates; Lipids; Polyphenols;
Inhibitors
Barley for Poultry Feeding
- Processing of Barley for Poultry Feed; Metabolizable Energy
Content of Barley for Poultry; Barley for Laying Hens; Broiler
Chicks; Mechanism of Action of ß-Glucan
Barley for Swine Feeding
- Processing Barley for Swine Feeds; ß-Glucanase Treatment of
Barley for Swine Feeds; Lysine Supplementation of Barley for
Swine; Hull-less Barley for Swine Feeds
Barley for Ruminants
Conclusion and Future Directions
Potential Improvement of Barley Quality Through Genetic
Engineerin. K. J. KASHA, D. E. FALK, and A. ZIAUDDIN
Introduction
Potential Areas of Improvement for Malting, Brewing, Feed, and Food
Uses
- Comparison of Traits; Genetic Control of Quality Factors
Biotechnological Approaches to Genetic Modification of Barley
- Molecular Technology; Plant Cell Cultures
Future Considerations
Whole-Crop Utilization of Barley, Including Potential New Uses.
P. B. PETERSEN and L. MUNCH
Introduction
Barley as an Industrial Raw Material
Inventories to Ascertain the Potential Use of Barley and Other
Cereals
Dry and Wet Milling of Barley for Starch
Utilization of Starch
Utilization of Cereal Straw
- Chemical Composition; Botanical Components; Chemical
Composition of Leaves and Internodes; Straw Milling and
Fractionation; Uses of Mechanically Processed Fractions from
Straw; Use of Straw Meal (Leaves) as Fodder; Use of Straw Meal
for Energy
Realizing the Industrial Potential of Starch and Celllulose from
Cereal Plants
Economic Considerations of the Use of Starch and Cellulose
Conclusion
Index
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