INTRODUCTION (Y. Pomeranz and L. Munck)
SESSION I: Cereal Production and Utilization
1. CEREAL PRODUCTION (J. Mac Key)
- I. Abstract
- II. World Cereal Production
- III. World Cereal Acreage
- IV. World and National Trends in Grain Yield
- V. Biological Yield Potential of Cereals
- VI. Yield as a compromise
- VII. Yield as a Nutritional Problem
Literature Cited.
2. ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS IN INDUSTRIAL UTILIZATION OF
CEREALS (L. D. Hill and A. Mustard)
Introduction
- I. World Demand and Supply Situation
- II. Alternative Marketing Systems
- III. Comparison of the Performance of the Alternative
Marketing Systems
Conclusions
Literature Cited.
3. THE RELATIVE ECONOMICS OF WHEAT AND MAIZE AS RAW
MATERIALS FOR STARCH MANUFACTURE (N. Wookey and M. A.
Melvin)
Introduction
- I. Production Methods
- II. The value of the Co-Products in Starch Manufacture
- III. EEC Protection System for Starch Manufacture
- IV. Relative Costs of Starch Make from Wheat and Maize
- V.Economic Consequences
References.
4. BIOMASS: SOURCE OF TOMORROW'S CHEMICALS (E. S.
Lopinsky)
- I. Desirable Characteristics for Raw Materials
- II. Strategies to Replace Petrochemicals
- III. Specific Chemical Opportunities
Conclusions
Literature Cited.
SESSION II: Harvest and Preservation of Cereals
5. HARVEST OF GRAIN AND STRAW: QUANTITIES AND QUALITIES (T.
J. Ravn)
- I. Present Situation
- II. Qualities
- III. Quantities
- IV. The Proposed Harvesting System
References.
6. HARVEST AND SEPARATION OF WHOLE-CROP FEED BARLEY (R.
Vind)
Introduction
- I. The Shortcomings of Combine Harvesting
- II. A New Technology for Cereal Harvest
Results and Discussion.
7. MULTIOBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION OF A GRAIN DRYING PROCESS (L.T.
Fan, J. H. Shieh, and F. S. Lai)
Abstract
Introduction
- I. Multiobjective Optimization
- II. Numerical Examples
Results and Discussion
Concluding Remarks
Acknowledgment
Nomenclature
References
Appendix A
Appendix B.
SESSION III: Fractionation
Physical and Chemical Properties
8. MILLING OF CEREALS FOR TOTAL UTILIZATION (H.
Bolling)
Introduction
- I. Energy Flow and Consumption in the Milling Industry
Summary
Literature Cited.
9. THE SEPARATION OF FERMENTABLE CARBOHYDRATE AND PROTEIN
FROM WHEAT BY WET-MILLING UNDER AUSTRALIAN CONDITIONS (D.
H. Simmonds, I. L. Batey, F. MacRitchie, and K. Haggett)
Introduction
- I. Processes for the Production of Ethanol
Conclusion
References.
10. APPLICATION AND CONTROL OF THERMOPLASTIC EXTRUSION OF
CEREALS FOR FOOD AND INDUSTRIAL USES (A.A. El Dash)
Introduction
- I. Engineering of the Thermoplastic Extruder
- II. Extrusion Processing and Cost
- III. Control of Extrusion Process
- IV. Application of Thermoplastic Extrusion
- V. Extrusion
- VI. Induced Physical, Chemical and Nutritional Changes
Conclusions
Acknowledgment
Literature Cited.
11. MODIFICATION OF PROTEINS FOR FUNCTIONAL AND NUTRITIONAL
IMPROVEMENTS (S. Nakai and W.D. Powrie)
- I. Covalent Attachment of Limiting Amino Acids to Cereal
Proteins
- II. Relationships of Physicochemical Properties of Proteins
and Their Functionality
- III. Effects of Protein Modification on Functionality
Conclusion
Literature Cited.
12. THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF WHEAT PROTEINS (G. A.
LeGrys, M. R. Booth, and S. M. Al-Baghdadi)
Abstract
Introduction
- I. Material and Methods
- II. Results and Discussion
- III. General Discussion and Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Literature Cited.
13. STARCH: INDUSTRIAL RAW MATERIAL (W.W. Doane)
- I. Chemicals from Starch
- II. Polymers from Starch
Conclusion
Literature Cited.
14. SWEETENERS FROM CEREALS: THE INTERCONVERSION OF FUNCTION
(S. M. Cantor)
Analogues
- I. The Sweetener Revolution
- II. Corn-A Renewable Resource
- III. Complexity of Analysis
- IV. The Pursuit of Sweetness
- V. Historic Parallels
- VI. Other Analogues
- VII. Concluding Observations
References.
SESSION IV: Modifications
Chemical, Pyrolytic, Biological
15. INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS FORM CEREALS (J.R. Daniel
and R. L. Whistler)
Introduction
- I. Cereal Grain Usage
- II. Food and Chemicals from Plant Cell Culture
- III. Use of Cellulose and Hemicellulose
- Products by Chemical Methods
Literature Cited.
16. THERMOCHEMICAL ROUTES TO CONVERT BIOMASS TO GASEOUS AND
LIQUID FUELS
(N. Lindman and G. Blomkvist)
- I. Principal Conversion Lines
- II. Gasification Principles
- III. Experimental Results from RIT
- IV. Commercial LBG Processes
- V. Some Aspects on the Raw Material
Literature Cited.
17. BIOCONVERSION PROCESSES (P. Linko and Y. Linko)
Introduction
- I. Food Related Applications
- II. Starch Processing
- III. Hydrolysis of Lignocellulosic Materials
- IV. HTST- Extruder as Bioreactor
- V. Ethanol Fermentation
- VI. Production of Useful Chemicals
Conclusions
Literature Cited.
18. MICROBIAL PROCESSES FOR THE CONVERSION OF LIGNOCELLULOSE/HEMICELLULOSE
RESIDUES TO ENERGY AND FEEDSTUFFS (R. W.
Detroy, S. N. Freer, R. L. Cunningham, and R. J. Bothast)
- I. Literature Review
- II. Results
Literature Cited.
19. USES OF BIOSENSORS IN BIOCONVERSION PROCESSES (C.
F. Mandenius and B. Danielsson)
Introduction
- I. Prerequisites of Biosensors
- II. Other Sensors Useful in Biotechnology
- III. Applications in Process Control
Summary
Acknowledgment
References.
SESSION V: Cereals for Food, Feed, Fuel, and Chemicals
20. SORGHUM (R. A. Creelman, L. W. Rooney and F. R.
Miller)
- I. Composition of Sorghum Plants and Grain
- II. Food Quality and Utilization of Sorghum
Summary
References.
21. BARLEY FOR FOOD, FEED AND INDUSTRY (L. Munck)
- I. Past, Present and Future-Food, Feed and Industry
- II. Barley as a Research Model for the Development of
Cereals
- III. Barley for Feed
- IV. Barley for Malting
- V. The Milling of Barley for Food and Industry
- VI. Barley for Food
Acknowledgments
Literature.
22. WHEAT AND TRITICALE-A MULTIPLE APPROACH FOR USE AS A
RENEWABLE RESOURCE
(Y. Pomeranz)
Introduction
- I. Plant Breeding
- II. Processing
- III. Unique Attributes
Literature Cited.
23. THEORY AND PRACTICE OF RICE BY-PRODUCTS UTILIZATION
(S. Barber, C. B. de Barber, and E. Tortosa)
Introduction
- I. Brokens
- II. Rice Husks
- III. Rice Bran
- IV. Rice Straw
Literature Cited.
SESSION VI: By-Product Conversion and Utilization
24. INDUSTRIAL USES OF DRY-MILLED CORN PRODUCTS (T .
P. Shukla)
Introduction
- I. Dry-Milling Process
- II. Dry Milled Corn Products
- III. Demand of Dry Milled Corn Products
- IV. End-Use Technology
- V. Research Needs and Future Direction
Acknowledgment
Literature Cited.
25. PROPERTIES AND INDUSTRIAL USES OF CORNCOBS (K. M.
Foley and D. I. B. Vander Hoven)
- I. Elemental Analysis
- II. Selected Physical and Chemical Properties
- III. Furfural Yield
- IV. Selected Feed Related Properties
- V. Some Pesticides Formulated on Corncob Granules
- VI. Industrial Uses
Bibliography.
26. UTILIZATION OF CEREAL PROCESSING BY-PRODUCTS (J.
W. Finley)
- I. Waste Streams
- II. Dilute Waste from Gluten-Starch Separation Plants
- III. Press water from Brewer Spent Grains
References.
27. INDUSTRIAL UTILIZATION OF STRAW (R. Rexen)
- I. Production of Cattle Feed
- II. Single Cell Protein Production (SCP)
- III. Paper and Board
- IV. Building Boards
- V. Chemicals and Energy
Conclusions.
28. THE BIOCONVERSION OF WASTE STRAW INTO ANIMAL FEEDSTUFFS (K.
J. Seal and I. Burrows)
Introduction
- I. Use and Disposal of Straw
- II. Microbiological Conversion Processes
- III. Isolation of Fungi for Use in Bioconversion Process
- IV. The Development of a process to Increase the
Digestibility of Straw
- V. The Value of C. Cinereus in the Process
- VI. Future Developments in the Process
- VII. The Future of Microbiological Upgrading
References.
29. PROCESSED FEED FROM STRAW FOR RUMINANTS
(V. F. Kristensen, M. Israelsen and A. Neimann-Sorensen)
- I. Treatment of Straw for Feeding Purposes
- II. Nutritional Properties of Processed Straw
- III. Use of straw in Rations for Ruminants
Conclusions
Literature Cited.
SESSION VII: Utilization as Fuel Sources
30. SMALL-SCALE ETHANOL PRODUCTION FROM CEREAL FEEDSTOCKS
(C. G. Colbe, E. A. Hiler, J. M. Sweeten, H. P. O'Neal, V.
G. Reidenbach, W. A. LePori, W. H. Aldred, G. T. Schelling and
R. D. Kay)
Introduction
- I. Small-Scale Ethanol Production Plant
- II. By-Product Utilization
- III. Sweet Sorghum as Feedstock for Ethanol Production
- IV. Experimental Investigations
- V. Equipment and Procedure
Conclusions
Literature Cited.
31. GASOHOL: THE U.S. EXPERIENCE (W. A. Scheller)
Introduction
- I. Nebraska's Gasohol Program
- II. National Gasohol Program
- III. Gasohol Performance and Economics
- IV. Energy Savings with Gasohol
- V. By-Product Values and Use
Literature Cited.
32. PROCESS CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ETHANOL
FROM CEREALS
(B. E. Norman and N. W. Lutzen)
Introduction
Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
33. LOW REFINED PLANT MATERIAL AS DIESEL FUEL (R. R.
Madsen, W. K. Nielsen and O. Hansen)
- I. Emulsions
- II. Test Results
References.
34. POTENTIAL FUEL PRODUCTION FROM CEREALS-AN AUSTRALIAN
ASSESSMENT (G. A. Stewart)
Summary
Introduction
- I. Methodology of Assessment
- II. Potential Production of Raw Materials and Alcohols
- III. Cost of Ethanol and Methanol
- IV. Potential for Use of Straw as a Substitute for Oil
Conclusions
References.
35. ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF INDUSTRIAL USE OF CEREALS-THE
ALCOHOL FUEL CASE
(L. W. Schruben)
Introduction
- I. Historical Perspective
- II. Impact on Different Segments of Economy
- III. Impact on General Welfare
- IV. Food vs Fuel
Summary
Literature Cited.
CEREALS-A RENEWABLE RESOURCE: WRAP-UP OF SYMPOSIUM (Y.
Pomeranz)
