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© Copyright 2009 AACC International.
Published August 2009.
Impact of whole grain inclusion on biomarkers of cardiovascular disease risk
I. Brownlee. School of Agriculture, Food & Rural Development, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K.
Brownlee, I. 2009. Impact of whole grain inclusion on biomarkers of cardiovascular disease risk. Online. AACC International Cereal Science Knowledge Database
Background: Observational evidence suggests that increased whole grain (WG) consumption is linked to reduced risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods: 316 overweight participants (age 18–65y, BMI>25 kg/m2 but otherwise healthy) who habitually consumed <30 g WG/day were recruited in 2 UK study centres (Newcastle and Cambridge). Participants were randomised to 3 groups: Control (no dietary change), Int.1 (consumed 60 g WG/day for 16 weeks) and Int.2 (consumed 60 g WG/day for the first 8 weeks, followed by 120 g WG/day for a further 8 weeks). Duplicate fasting blood samples were taken at weeks 0 (baseline), 8 and 16 of intervention. Wholegrain intake was assessed by food frequency questionnaire. Plasma was analysed for lipid profile (total, LDL and HDL cholesterol and triglycerides), insulin and glucose and further biochemical markers of inflammation and endothelial function. Differences between study groups were compared using a random intercepts model with time and WG intake as factors. Results: Mean WG consumption was <20g/day at baseline. The mean (SD) WG intake for each group during the intervention was: Control 19 (20) g/day across the intervention, Int.1 74 (29) g/day for weeks 8 and 16, Int.2 76 (31) g/day at week 8 and 115 (40) g/day at week 16. The primary outcome in this study was plasma LDL cholesterol. WG inclusion in the diet had no impact on this, or any of the other biomarkers of CVD risk tested (P>0.05). Mean (SD) LDL cholesterol (at week 0, 8 and 16 respectively) were 3.2 (0.9), 3.2 (0.7), 3.3 (0.8) in the Control group; 3.1 (0.9), 3.2 (0.7), 3.3 (0.8) in Int.1 and 3.2 (0.9), 3.3. (0.8), 3.4 (0.9) in Int.2. During the intervention, WG participants mean LDL was -1.01% different from control mean (95%CIs -3.65%, 1.71%). Conclusions: Reported WG intake compliance was good throughout the study. Inclusion of WG foods, over 16 weeks, in the diets of an overweight but otherwise healthy UK population had no effect on a range of CVD risk biomarkers. Dietary intervention data do not match epidemiological observations on WG and CVD risk. This study was funded by the UK Food Standards Agency (N02036).
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